C Data Types

Fundamental Data Types

1. int - Integer:
   • The int data type is designed for storing whole numbers, or integers.
   • Internally, integers occupy 4 bytes (equivalent to 32 bits) of memory space.
   • This limitation means that int variables can represent values within the range of 32 bits.
2. unsigned int - Unsigned Integer:
   • Adding the "unsigned" qualifier to certain types, including int, extends the positive range of variables.
   • While this increases the positive value range, it restricts the use of negative values.
3. char - Character:
   • char is used for storing single characters, such as letters, digits, or symbols.
   • Each character takes up 1 byte (8 bits) in memory, allowing for 256 possible character representations.
4. float - Floating-Point:
   • The float data type handles real numbers with decimal points, known as floating-point values.
   • Floating-point values occupy 4 bytes (32 bits) in memory and offer precision for scientific and mathematical calculations.
5. double - Double Precision:
   • double is also used for storing floating-point values, but it provides double the precision compared to float.
   • These variables consume 8 bytes (64 bits) of memory, making them ideal for complex calculations that demand high accuracy.
6. void - Placeholder for "Nothing":
   • Although not a data type in the traditional sense, void serves as a placeholder.
   • Functions can have a void return type, indicating that they do not return any value.
   • Similarly, a function's parameter list can be void, indicating it takes no parameters.

Additional Types (CS50 Library)

• bool - Boolean:
  • The bool data type is specifically for storing Boolean values.
  • Booleans can hold only one of two values: true or false, making them ideal for representing binary choices in logic.
• string - String:
  • The string data type is designed for handling sequences of characters.
  • Programmers often use strings to work with text and manipulate collections of characters in their code.

Understanding data types is fundamental for any programmer, as it dictates how data is handled and processed in a computer program. Armed with this knowledge, you can efficiently manage variables, perform calculations, and build robust software solutions tailored to your needs.